发抖、说话含糊、走路打晃是失温，换掉湿衣、包起来，先暖躯干，喝热甜饮不喝酒

体温降到 35℃ 以下就是失温，人会发抖、走路打晃、有点糊涂，重了反而不抖。换掉湿衣服，用睡袋、毯子或保温毯裹起来，先暖躯干。清醒能吞咽的，给热的甜饮料，不给酒。叫不应、没正常呼吸，就按本节第 1 条（用力按压胸口）做心肺复苏。

成本

一张铝箔保温毯几元，再加一件备用干衣。学会看信号不花钱。

收益

美国国家气象局原文：体温 95°F（35°C）以下就是失温，「觉得冷、迟钝、想不清楚，立刻看医生」。处理是「立即就医，把人移到有暖气的室内，先从身体中心开始复温」，给热饮。「酒精会减少寒战」，所以不喝。「失去意识做心肺复苏」，要不要按怎么判断见本节第 1 条（没正常呼吸）。冻伤用温水或者体温回暖，「不要用热水或壁炉一类辐射热」。荒野医学会 2019 年失温指南是这个领域的执业指南。国际红十字 2025 年急救指南列的失温表现有发抖、动作不协调、动作慢、有点糊涂。加重之后可能不再发抖，人迷糊、说话前言不搭后语，走不了路。处理是让人脱掉湿衣服，擦干，盖好防寒。人清醒、还在发抖的，用睡袋或毯子让他自己暖过来，反光材料也可以用。能吞咽的，给热的甜饮料或者高能量食物。指南还提醒别喝酒，别搓他的皮肤

备注

不要搓手脚。不要泡热水澡。不要硬拖硬拽地搬，失温重的人心脏容易骤停。不要因为「不抖了」就以为好转，不打哆嗦（寒战停止）是加重。荒野医学会指南全文需订阅，本次只核实了摘要。

来源 · 3

1. US National Weather Service. During Extreme Cold. weather.gov/safety/cold-during
2. Dow J 等 (2019). Wilderness Medical Society Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Out-of-Hospital Evaluation and Treatment of Accidental Hypothermia: 2019 Update. Wilderness & Environmental Medicine. doi.org/10.1016/j.wem.2019.10.002
3. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (2025). International First Aid, Resuscitation and Education Guidelines 2025，第 460–462 页：「shivering」「poor coordination」「slow movements」「mild confusion」「no shivering」「disorientation, lack of memory」「may become incoherent or behave irrationally」「coordination continues to worsen; the person cannot walk or use their hands」「Have the person remove any wet clothes (or help them if they are unable to do so). Carefully dry off the person if they are wet. Cover and protect the person from the cold」「If a person is responsive and shivering, let them warm up using a sleeping bag or a blanket. If they can swallow, give them a warm, sugary drink (e.g. hot chocolate) or some high-energy food」「Alternative equipment may be used, including warm, dry clothing or reflective material」「Avoid alcohol」「Do NOT rub the person’s skin」. ifrc.org/sites/default/files/2026-03/IFRC%20I…