糖尿病人突然发抖、出冷汗、说话不清，人还清醒、能吞咽的，先给 15 克糖，15 分钟后复测

人还清醒、能吞咽的，先吃 15 克糖，方糖、一小盒果汁都行。15 分钟后再测一次，还低就再来一次。血糖低于 3.0 mmol/L 就是医学上要当回事的低血糖，到了要别人帮忙才能处理的程度，可以致命。叫不应、吞不下的一口都别喂，直接打 120。

成本

不花钱。随身带几块方糖或者一小盒果汁。

收益

血糖低于 3.0 mmol/L，属于临床上有意义的低血糖。出现意识或者行动改变、需要别人帮忙处理的，是重度低血糖，可以致命。美国糖尿病学会的标准写明，人还清醒的，首选口服葡萄糖，含葡萄糖的其他糖类也行。多数人吃 15 克糖类，15 分钟后低血糖还在就再吃一次。国际红十字 2025 年急救指南写明，只有人叫得应、能吞咽，才给吃的喝的。没有葡萄糖片，可以给含糖饮料（比如果汁），或者几勺糖、几颗糖果。人叫不应了，就叫急救

备注

意识不清的人不要喂东西，会呛进气管，直接叫 120。同一份标准还建议，打胰岛素的人、容易低血糖的人，都该备一份胰高血糖素。原文是「All individuals treated with insulin or who are at high risk of hypoglycemia...should be prescribed glucagon」。鼻喷的和事先装好药的针剂，比要临时兑药的好用。这些做法默认是给你自己或者家里的糖尿病人准备的，随身带糖也是给他们带的。

来源 · 2

1. 美国糖尿病学会 (2025). 糖尿病诊疗标准 2025·第 6 章 血糖目标与低血糖. Diabetes Care：分级「Level 1: Glucose <70 mg/dL (<3.9 mmol/L) and ≥54 mg/dL (≥3.0 mmol/L)」「Level 2: Glucose <54 mg/dL (<3.0 mmol/L)」「Level 3: A severe event characterized by altered mental and/or physical status requiring assistance for treatment of hypoglycemia, irrespective of glucose level」；处理「For most individuals, 15 g carbohydrates should be ingested」「Fifteen minutes after initial treatment, repeat the treatment if hypoglycemia persists」「Glucose is the preferred treatment for the conscious individual with glucose <70 mg/dL (<3.9 mmol/L), although any form of carbohydrate that contains glucose may be used」. doi.org/10.2337/dc25-S006
2. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (2025). International First Aid, Resuscitation and Education Guidelines 2025，第 390–391 页：「Oral glucose administration (swallowing or eating glucose) should be used for an adult or child with suspected hypoglycaemia who is responsive and able to swallow」「If they do not, give them a sugary (non-diet) drink, such as fruit juice, or some sugar (such as three teaspoons of sugar or three pieces of candy, like jellybeans)」「Only give the person something to eat or drink if they are responsive and able to swallow」「If the person’s condition does not improve quickly (around 30 minutes) or they become unresponsive, access emergency medical services (EMS)」. ifrc.org/sites/default/files/2026-03/IFRC%20I…