Money and business / Chapter 23
This section counts money and time. Item 2 also counts mortality. The first six items answer one question: whether to keep studying. Item 1 first says which stretch of the options the law crosses out. Item 2 counts the relation between schooling and length of life. Item 3 looks at which band of education people across the country are in. Item 4 covers what aid there is when you cannot afford to study. Item 5 covers what paths remain if you do not get into an ordinary high school. Item 6 turns "study or go to work" into a sum, and gives a method you can run yourself. The next seven items answer another question: once you have decided to learn something, how to pick it. Wage statistics in China split by trade are hard to check item by item from public official sources. So this section writes only the things whose source can be found: roughly how much more pay one more year of school brings (also called the return to education), how to check whether a certificate is lawful, where training subsidies come from, and which dimension to look at so a skill is harder to displace. This book does not give a figure for how much a particular trade earns in a month. Items 14 to 19 answer a third question: once you have settled what to learn, how to learn it in less time. Those six items count time. They are not converted into money. Items 20 to 23 answer a fourth question: if you are already doing professional or technical work, where to apply for a title, how the exam works, which pitfalls to avoid, and what getting the title is worth. Items 24 and 25 answer whether, on finishing a bachelor's or a master's, to go on to a master's or a doctorate. China has no income figures that take out personal differences. What is cited is a UK study.
The items are grouped by subject below. Item numbers are in parentheses.
Whether to keep studying: under 16 there is no going out to work (item 1), count whether schooling is useful inside mortality (item 2), the education structure of the whole country (item 3), if you cannot afford it, run the policy figures first (item 4), the path if you do not get into an ordinary high school (item 5), turn study or work into a sum (item 6).
What to learn and how to pick it: the return to one more year of education (item 7), check the occupational-qualification catalogue before an exam (item 8), take training through government subsidy channels (item 9), pick skills that need the hands and judgment on the spot (item 10), see whether a skill has a grade assessment (item 11), check the local catalogue of occupations in short supply (item 12), choose a short course that lets you start the job directly (item 13).
How to learn in less time: close the book and test yourself when you finish (item 14), spread the time over several days (item 15), do not treat highlighting as the main way to study (item 16), mix several kinds of problem (item 17), do not pick a method by visual type or auditory type (item 18), turn what you have to memorize into questions and test yourself (item 19).
Professional titles: find the channel for applying (item 20), the junior and intermediate accounting titles are a unified exam (item 21), do not hire an agent to get the title for you (item 22), holding the title is not the same as a pay rise (item 23).
Master's and doctorate: whether to go on to a master's after a bachelor's (item 24), whether to go on to a doctorate after a master's (item 25).
Junior high usually ends at 15 to 16, right on this line. Under 16, except for special hiring by arts or sports units, hiring you is illegal, and the fine is 5000 yuan a month for each child worker used. …
Each extra year of school cuts the average risk of dying in adulthood by about 1.9%. It is clearest for people aged 18 to 49, about 2.9% lower per extra year; above 70 it is only 0.8% lower. …
In the 2020 census, people nationwide who reached junior college or above were about 15%. The 2025 sample survey estimates about 19%, a few percentage points more in five years. …
At public secondary vocational schools, rural students, urban students in agriculture-related majors, and students from hard-up families already have tuition waived. …
The Vocational Education Law enacted in 2022 explicitly states that vocational education holds equal status to general education. …
Going to work now earns you several years of wages sooner, but that money is received only once. Staying in school means earning a bit more than people who did not, every year after, for thirty or forty years running. …
On a worldwide average, one more year of school raises personal income by about 9% a year; the return for women has stayed higher than for men. …
Some outfits run courses, charge fees, and issue certificates at will under the banner of new occupations or skill grades, and some impersonate authoritative bodies; the ministry has run targeted crackdowns. …
From 2025 through late 2027, the government plans to provide subsidized training to over 30 million participants. …
According to U.S. estimates, roughly 47% of jobs carry a relatively high risk of being taken over by computers. Later studies that evaluated individual tasks instead yielded a much lower percentage. …
The government is promoting a “New Eight-Level Worker” system that requires companies to link job pay to employees’ skill levels. …
How much training subsidy a locality gives for a trade is set by how urgently it is needed and by training cost, so the subsidy amount itself shows whether workers are short locally. …
Government policies favor short-term, quick-to-employ training programs and micro-specializations offered by vocational schools. …
Compared with reading a section again, closing the book and testing yourself works better. Adding short quizzes in class raises scores by a moderate amount. …
The same time, spread over several days, sticks better than finishing in one sitting. There is also a practical rule: the longer you need to remember something, the longer the review gap should be. …
What students use most is highlighting and rereading, yet among ten common study methods both sit in the lowest band. Writing summaries, the keyword method, and imagining pictures for a text also sit in the lowest band. …
Doing a long string of the same kind of problem feels smooth on the spot. Mixing several kinds works better over the long run, by a moderate amount. …
Many people believe everyone has a learning style, such as visual or auditory, and that teaching to the style makes learning better. Careful tests of this claim are few; almost none support it, and a few go the other way. …
Closing the book and testing yourself helps beyond the exact words you memorized. …
There are 27 professional series nationwide, each divided into junior, intermediate, and senior levels. Generally, you must progress through these levels one by one. …
In some series, junior and intermediate titles are earned by exam; pass and you have them, with no separate review. …
A title obtained with fake materials, ghostwritten papers, or plagiarized work is revoked once verified. The integrity record is kept for 3 years and also goes onto the national credit platform. …
A professional title is a basis for hiring, assessment, and promotion, but earning the title and being appointed to a post are two different things. …
A master's costs tuition, and it also costs two or three years of wages you do not earn; the latter is usually the larger part. …
In the same UK study, after differences in family background and bachelor's results were taken out, at 35 a doctorate earned women about 8% more than a bachelor's alone, and men about 9% less. …
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